Oct 07 2007

A herd of H-words

Tag: Round upsdoug @ 9:15 pm

A few things that have caught my eye in the last few days, all linked, intriguingly by words beginning with “H”.

  • Chris Tilling attempted a definition of heresy, to which John Hobbins responded. Chris seeks to link it to doctrinal statements that deform acting or living rightly, and not just thinking rightly about God and God’s engagement with the world. John seeks to stir the pot a bit by reflecting on heresy as something which fails to take the whole of scripture (including the messy and downright nasty bits) seriously. Both posts are thought-provoking.
  • At the opposite end of the scale from heresy, we have humility, and Suzanne has a fascinating post linking humility before scripture with maintaining ambiguities in translation, building on Iyov’s observations. This generated a lot of hermeneutical reflection in the comments, and of course Suzanne quests after a Holy Grail of translations. But perhaps humility may indeed be the cure for heresy, which seeks to disambiguate our understandings of God.
  • David Congdon has been exploring some problems in ecclesiology (which question I’ve been noting in some of my recent posts on the 39 articles). His latest post is on the sociological homogeneity of the typical congregation, against the heterogeneity that a catholic church ought to exhibit.
  • James McGrath drew my attention to what is in fact an old story, but one I’d never come across before: the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide, a chemical that in its liquid state can kill you if you accidentally inhale it, in its gaseous sate can inflict severe burns, and in its solid state can cause severe tissue damage. It is a brilliant hoax, because every piece of factual information is quite true, and absolutely misleading. (It’s home page can be found here.) It is a timely warning to those who live by the latest scientific or health scare in the papers.

Oct 07 2007

Paul the catholic traditionalist

Tag: St Paul, Traditiondoug @ 8:54 am

Okay, maybe the title of the post is a slight wind-up. But having come clean on that, I do have a serious point to make. The dominant picture of Paul, particularly among the Churches of the Reformation, is derived from Galatians:

For I want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel that was proclaimed by me is not of human origin; for I did not receive it from a human source, nor was I taught it, but I received it through a revelation of Jesus Christ. (Galatians 1:11-12)

Paul, as a charismatically gifted prophet, has no time for human traditions and neither, so the implication goes, should we. We may lack his direct revelation, but we have Scripture in its place, and so we can resolutely oppose all those who claim tradition, and follow instead in the apostle’s footsteps. In its Bultmannian form this goes further and makes Paul entirely uninterested even in the traditions about Jesus: all that matters is the saving Christ-event, and its interpretation existentially revealed from heaven.

One might think that Bultmann and the evangelicals were miles apart, but on this they are remarkably close. “You ask me how I know he lives: he lives within my heart”, never mind five hundred witnesses transmitting the tradition of the resurrection. And so (to continue in full hyperbolic ranting caricature mode for one more sentence :-) ) the more people talk about “the gospel,” the less likely they are to pay attention to the gospels.

But consider the picture of Paul from 1 Corinthians:

  • He appeals to a saying of Jesus for ethical guidance: “To the married I give this command– not I but the Lord– that the wife should not separate from her husband” (1 Corinthians 7:10  NRSV) And, despite all those who assert the readiness of the early Church simply to make up saying of Jesus, we should note how sharply Paul distinguishes his own advice from the sayings tradition.
  • He appeals to a saying of Jesus to discuss his own apostolic practice: (possibly to draw some force for it being used against him): “the Lord commanded that those who proclaim the gospel should get their living by the gospel” (1 Corinthians 9:14  NRSV). Here he notes that he could insist on his right as the Lord’s command to them to support him, but that he freely offers them his ministry.
  • He appeals to church tradition (which is also Jesus’ teaching) to regulate liturgical practice: “For I received from the Lord what I also handed on to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took a loaf of bread … (1 Corinthians 11:23 NRSV) So what he demands of them is rooted in the traditions that are passed on, originating with Jesus, received through the apostles, given to Corinth as part of Paul’s founding of the church there, and fundamental to its life.
  • He appeals to church tradition for a basic summary of the faith, and witness to the resurrection: “For I handed on to you as of first importance what I in turn had received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures … (1 Corinthians 15:3 NRSV) and is actually able to equate this handed on tradition with “the good news that I proclaimed to you” (15:1).
  • He appeals to the sensus fidelium: “But if anyone is disposed to be contentious– we have no such custom, nor do the churches of God” (1 Corinthians 11:16 NRSV) Admittedly this appears to be when he has some sense of not making the world’s most coherent argument, and may represent a fall-back position, but it is still one he can make quite readily.

Where in all this is the Paul who rejects the Church’s common traditions? Perhaps it is the polemical sharpness of Galatians that should be read through the lens of the more discursive Corinthians, and not the other way round. Galatians represents Paul’s approach to one very particular and drastic situation. Corinthians shows him working across a range of problems. Nor can we easily speak about a developing view. When it comes to the respective dating of the two letters scholars are divided: either they were written fairly close together in the mid-50s (on a North Galatian hypothesis) or Galatians may be the earlier by some years, with Corinthians representing a more mature and considered view (on a South Galatian hypothesis – to which I incline). But at the very least, it would seem that Paul’s obvious concern for the tradition needs to balance his sense of immediate revelation in the way that we regard him.